Company Law - English law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company Law - English law - Case Study Example Commentators have attempted to categorise those decisions under various headings, such as agency, fraud, group enterprise, tort and so forth6. What is clear on a close reading of the cases which have distinguished Salomon is that the courts will only interfere - by lifting the veil of incorporation - where there is clear evidence of wrongdoing or where they are required to interfere by Statute. There is therefore a presumption that members of a limited company are only liable to the extent of any unpaid amount on nominal value of their shares unless 'wrongdoing' can be established. LJM Limited seems to have been incorporated for the sole intention of providing a vehicle for the directors Jean, Lynette and Lauren to unlawfully deprive W&H Limited, its shareholders and its members of its corporate assets and any retained profits from the international contract. There is authority to suggest that the courts will lift the veil to prevent evasion of an existing obligation7 and the court will grant an injunction/specific performance in that instance. For a short while it also seemed to be the case that the court would lift the veil where there was clear evidence of asset stripping. In Creasey v. Breachwood Motors Ltd [1992]8 proprietors of Breachwood Welwyn Ltd transferred that company's assets to the defendant company. The evidence indicated that the defendant company had been formed for the sole purpose of avoiding the payment of a substantial wrongful dismissal claim. Breachwood Welwyn Ltd was then struck off the company register following the procedure laid down in Section 652 of the Companies Act 1985; hence depriving the plaintiff of any redress. Robert Southwell QC, sitting as deputy High Court Judge, held that the plaintiff could present his claim for damages directly against the new company, Breachwood Motors Limited, as its sole purpose was to strip Breachwood Welwyn's assets and deprive Creasey of redress. The decision in Creasey was unequivocally overruled in Ord & Another v Belhaven Pubs Ltd [1998] by the Court of Appeal. Hobhouse L.J said: " Creasey v. Breachwood . represents a wrong adoption of the principle of piercing the corporate veil. Therefore, in my judgement the case of Creasey v. Breachwood should no longer be treated as authoritative". The Court of Appeal cited its previous decision in Adams v. Cape Industries plc [1990]9 where plaintiffs were not able to seek redress from a holding company when its subsidiary (the defendant) went into liquidation. The House of Lords have endorsed this stricter interpretation of Salomon more recently in Williams v. Natural Life Health Foods Ltd [1998]10. In that case a franchise company had already gone into liquidation by the time a misrepresentation was discovered. The plaintiff sought redress directly from the sole director of the former franchise company. Their Lordships held not only that the corporate veil was sacrosanct and should only be lifted in the most

Intercultural Communication and Conflicts Essay Example for Free

Intercultural Communication and Conflicts Essay The communication between different cultures is very difficult. Intercultural communication can lead to misunderstanding and confusion. You may offend someone without even knowing it. Nonverbal communication is challenge as well such as handshakes, eye contact, hug, and etc. These problems happened so many times from my fiancee who is from America and me who is from South Korea. One day, my father visited to our place for holiday. When my father walked into our place, my fiancee was lying on the sofa and then he said â€Å"Hi. In Korean culture, when adults come to you, you need to stand up and bow to them. That moment, my fiancee’s behavior was disrespectful to my father. This tells us that we grew up differently since we have different culture background. However, we both have the attitude where we like to learn about each other cultures. It gives us a better understanding and respect more. To me, language barrier is one of issue with communication. When I moved to America, I barely spoke English and I was really afraid of speaking with other people, especially in English; however, time went by, as went to high school, college and join in the Army in America, I became more interactive in communication with people. Also, my fiancee helps me to learn and correct my English skill. Interpersonal communication Thousands of people use more online email, texting, Facebook, twitter, and etc. to communicate now, because it’s easier and faster to communicate to others. On the other hand, online communications can be bad. More likely, face to face communication can be avoided. I realized that most people use smart phone anytime and anywhere now. Sadly, it happens during class, meeting, dating, waiting, and dining. In fact, one of my nieces who is 6 years old refused to talk and listen to me when I discipline her. Instead face to face communication, she wanted to text me to say â€Å"sorry. † I didn’t accept her apologize because I believe in true meaningful interpersonal communication should be face to face communication.

The Calm After the Storm - Original Writing :: Papers

The Calm After the Storm - Original Writing I don't know whether one could call my life a disaster, or a series of miracles. I have seen tragedies that you think only happen in newspapers or novels, yet I have also seen what comes out the other side and that it is way above average human morals. I am proud to have lived amongst such strong and determined individuals whom I hope will teach others to follow in their footsteps. Of all my childhood memories, one sticks out to have affected me most. I can remember the look of deep fear on my mother's weary face. I wanted to reach out and have her hold me close to her, but I knew that I was no safer with her than in the arms of Edith, my oldest sister under the dining room table. I could hear the huge rip and then crash of the monster waves beating against the side of our house. I had heard of the huge storms years ago before I was born, but they hadn't become real until now. Suddenly, there was the splintering smash of shattering glass and cold salt water hit me in the face. I was sick on Edith but she didn't have time to care as she ran frantically around the swamped house looking for something to barricade the broken windows with. I must have passed out after that because the next thing I remember is waking up alone in Uncle George's barn. I brushed the scratchy straw from my salty clothes while I could hear my baby sister Clara crying from the house. As I entered the cottage kitchen Aunt Francis had a bowel brimming with steaming porridge. So as to not offend her I gulped it down quickly while she gave Clara her bottle. I then asked her about the previous night. She explained to me how the waves had destroyed our home. Half the village was living in ruins now, all because a cement factory dredged our beach of all its shingle. I couldn't quite understand how this made the waves eat up our village

Domestic Violence and Social Class Essay

Domestic violence is something that happens every day around the world. Young, old, rich or poor, this is an issue that we must look at to better ourselves as a country. One of the things that we look at is how domestic violence relates to the different social classes of the country, this being upper, middle, and lower. Some would thing that it would be more common in lower classes, but the reality of it is domestic violence is a problem across all social classes. In this paper I will discuss different articles about domestic violence and its relation to social class. It is clear to see that any of the articles on this topic focus around women as victims and men get put into a category of the only ones committing violence. From different articles you can see that social class has a relation and an effect on domestic violence. To begin with we need to understand what domestic violence is. The National Domestic Violence Hotline describes domestic violence as pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that frighten, intimidate, terrorize, manipulate, hurt, humiliate, blame, injure or wound someone. Domestic violence can happen to anyone of any race, age, sexual orientation, religion or gender. It can happen to couples who are married, living together or who are dating. Domestic violence affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels (The National Domestic Hotline). This is one of the best definitions you will find. It’s important to realize that Domestic Violence can happen to anyone. The focus on economic background is important; there is not one ocial class that domestic violence does not occur in. It is key that we keep this in mind, otherwise we begin to label and fit certain social groups into categories. And as we will find out this is not the case at all. In Gender, Status, and Domestic Violence, by Kristin L. Anderson she discusses many issues related to domestic violence. In her article she talks about social economic status and how it can affect domestic violence. The section on social class begins with how gender and social class play very big roles with each other, or how each social class helps determine the resources available to men for the construction f masculinity (Anderson, 1995). Anderson begins with the working and lower class and how their position they hold at work lacks power and authority. This can lead to violence in the home because they search for positions of power in other aspects of their life. And many times the search for power and masculinity starts in their home life. This could be one explanation for the cause of domestic violence among low income social class. It is very clear that society even thought changing for the better over the years, still puts the man as the breadwinner of his family. And if a man annot produce for their family I agree with her that that will look for other places to find there masculinity and in some cases this is accomplished with violence against their partner. Next Anderson discusses middle and upper class together. She states with reference from another article that â€Å"Middle and upper class notions of masculinity focus on ambition, responsibility, and professional employment (Segal, society. The research done in this article shows that men or women with low income jobs and less resources are more likely to be violent in their home as a means to gain the lack of power in their life. Men who have fewer resources then there female partners will be more likely to commit domestic assault than the men with resources equal or greater than their female partners (Anderson, 1995). We can see for the research done by Anderson that she focuses on the reporting of violence. I would have like to have seen some numbers on education and or employment in ration to domestic violence. But it is clear and can be understood that men base their masculinity on their economic social status, and if that status is low they begin to search for other ways to gain power, and often that is in the means of domestic iolence against their partners. Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not protect against violence. In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at social class and domestic violence is ell put when she stats â€Å"the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes† (Renzetti, 2009). With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer hat even though we know that domestic violence knows no social class, The National Crime Victimization Survey reports the chance of violence in a low income household is five times great then the households with the highest incomes (Renzetti, 2009). As stated earlier it seems that the relation to domestic violence and employment takes a big part of the problem with violence among the social classes. In the article by Anderson early discuss she makes it clear that the feeling of power is directly related to the males economic standing. Renzetti state that sever studies have documented hey deliberate sabotage to their partners efforts to maintain paid employment (2009). We can tie that back to how males base their masculinity and power on their economic status. Women have reported that their attempts to obtain paid employment outside their homes only aggravated their partners. It is becoming clear that men see power in being the main provider in the house and to lose some of that power is demining in some ways, and can result in violence against their partners. She references an article by Bush (2003) say that paid employment if a female intimate partner is threatening for some men, especially men who are unemployed r in low paying Jobs. Renzitti states that some researchers have argued that social class has a greater influence on domestic violence risk than race/ethnicity, and that even the social class of your neighborhood plays into account. Disadvantaged neighborhoods domestic violence rates are significantly higher in neighborhoods By now it is clear that there is a relation between social class and domestic violence. In domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking by Walby & Allen (2004) they discuss how it could be the domestic violence that is causing the low economical status. This is a little broader thinking then our other authors but still Walby & Allen tie mans need for masculinity and power into the equation. But first to look how they discuss domestic violence as the cause for low social status, the lack of economic resources is clearly associated with domestic violence against women. But it is how we see one leading to the other that they discuss. Walby & Allen purpose that maybe it is the other way around. For example that poverty and low social status are the consequences of domestic violence. Women who leave behind their homes and partners in order to escape violence will be much more ikely to be poorer as a consequence of the loss of their home and of their partner’s income (Walby &Allen, 2004). This is a new concept to think about but can easily be seen as possible. From what we have learned low income family are more prone to domestic violence, it is clear to see if the victim does get out of this relationship they have no means of economic support. In return this Just keeps them in poverty and most likely sinks them deeper down the status pool of the world. As Walby & Allen (2004) report that â€Å"eventually making their way back into the abusive elationship because they have no economic support. It seems that the affect that social class and domestic violence have on each other is a never ending cycle. As we found in the research social class plays a big part in domestic violence and in some cases domestic violence plays a big part in social class. Whichever way that you look at it one constant held true across all of the articles, this being that men have been socially constructed by society to have to have the need for power in relationships. And when that power is l acking and they feel there masculinity is in eopardy we see domestic violence. Now a lot of the focus of the articles was on the lower class, showing that the economic stress had a direct relation to man and the need for power. We need to understand that the lower social status groups are not the only ones with a domestic violence problem. Like I said earlier domestic violence can happen across any social class, rich or poor. Most of the research that is done focuses on women in poverty because that is where the easy samples are. We know that there is a problem there, we need to move on to research that examines women ofa higher social standing. When we open up to who is we look at then we will begin to get a real grasp on the social class and domestic violence issue. Now I know that that depends on if they are willing to report, but that is a whole different topic for a different day. We have to be careful not to stereotype individuals into this field Just because of the economic standing, but it is clear that social class and domestic violence show a clear and direct relation with each other.

Literary Genre

Literature (from Latin litteraetantri (plural); letter) is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources (although, under circumstances unpublished sources can be exempt). Literally translated, the word literature means â€Å"acquaintance with letters† (as in the â€Å"arts and letters†). The two major classification of literature are poetry and prose. â€Å"Literature† is sometimes differentiated from popular and ephemeral classes of writing.Terms such as â€Å"literary fiction† and â€Å"literary merit† are used to distinguish individual works as art-literature rather than vernacular writing, and some critics exclude works from being â€Å"literary†, for example, on grounds of weak or faulty style, use of slang, poor characterization and shallow or contrived construction. Others exclude all genres such as romance, crime and mystery, science fiction, horror and fantasy. Pop lyrics, which are not technically a written medium at all, have also been drawn into this controversy.POETRY A poem is a composition written in verse (although verse has been equally used for epic and dramatic fiction). Poems rely heavily on imagery, precise word choice, and metaphor; they may take the form of measures consisting of patterns of stresses (metric feet) or of patterns of different-length syllables (as in classical prosody); and they may or may not utilize rhyme. Relaxation Through Poetry is a tool used to help someone relax in times of stress. One cannot readily characterize poetry precisely.Typically though, poetry as a form of literature makes some significant use of the formal properties of the words it uses – the properties of the written or spoken form of the words, independent of their meaning. Meter depends on syllables and on rhythms of speech; rhyme and alliteration depend on the sounds of words. Arguably, poetry pre-dates other forms of literature. Early examples include the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (dated from around 2700 B. C. ), parts of the Bible, the surviving works of Homer (the Iliad and the Odyssey), and the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.In cultures based primarily on oral traditions the formal characteristics of poetry often have a mnemonic function, and important texts: legal, genealogical or moral, for example, may appear first in verse form. Some poetry uses specific forms. Examples include the haiku, the limerick, and the sonnet. A traditional haiku written in Japanese relate to nature, contain seventeen onji (syllables), distributed over three lines in groups of five, seven, and five, and should also have a kigo, a specific word indicating a season.A limerick has five lines, with a rhyme scheme of AABBA, and line lengths of 3,3,2,2,3 stressed syllables. It traditionally has a less reverent attitude towards nature. Poetry not adhering to a formal poetic structure is called â€Å"free verse† Language and tradition dictate some poetic norms: Persian p oetry always rhymes, Greek poetry rarely rhymes, Italian or French poetry often does, English and German poetry can go either way. Perhaps the most paradigmatic style of English poetry, blank verse, as exemplified in works by Shakespeare and Milton, consists of unrhymed iambic pentameters.Some languages prefer longer lines; some shorter ones. Some of these conventions result from the ease of fitting a specific language's vocabulary and grammar into certain structures, rather than into others; for example, some languages contain more rhyming words than others, or typically have longer words. Other structural conventions come about as the result of historical accidents, where many speakers of a language associate good poetry with a verse form preferred by a particular skilled or popular poet. Works for theatre (see below) traditionally took verse form.This has now become rare outside opera and musicals, although many would argue that the language of drama remains intrinsically poetic. In recent years, digital poetry has arisen that takes advantage of the artistic, publishing, and synthetic qualities of digital media. An essay consists of a discussion of a topic from an author's personal point of view, exemplified by works by Michel de Montaigne or by Charles Lamb. ‘Essay' in English derives from ‘attempt. ‘ Thus, one can find open-ended, provocative and/or inconclusive essays.The term â€Å"essays† first applied to the self-reflective musings of Michel de Montaigne–even today he has a reputation as the father of this literary form. Genres related to the essay may include: †¢the memoir, telling the story of an author's life from the author's personal point of view †¢the epistle: usually a formal, didactic, or elegant letter. †¢works by Lady Murasaki[citation needed], the Arabic Hayy ibn Yaqdhan by Ibn Tufail, the Arabic Theologus Autodidactus by Ibn al-Nafis, and the Chinese Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanz hong[citation needed].Early novels in Europe did not count as significant litera perhaps because â€Å"mere† prose writing seemed easy and unimportant. It has become clear, however, that prose writing can provide aesthetic pleasure without adhering to poetic forms. Additionally, the freedom authors gain in not having to concern themselves with verse structure translates often into a more complex plot or into one richer in precise detail than one typically finds even in narrative poetry. This freedom also allows an author to experiment with many different literary and presentation styles—including poetry—in the scope of a single novel.Other prose literature Philosophical, historical, journalistic, legal and scientific writings are traditionally ranked as literature. They offer some of the oldest prose writings in existence; novels and prose stories earned the names â€Å"fiction† to distinguish them from factual writing or nonfiction, which writers histori cally have crafted in prose. Natural science As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the â€Å"literary† nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals.Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still possess great value, but since the science in them has largely become outdated, they no longer serve for scientific instruction. Yet, they remain too technical to sit well in most programmes of literary study. Outside of â€Å"history of science† programmes, students rarely read such works. Philosophy Philosophy, too, has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals.Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have become as canonical as any writers. Some recent philosophy works are argued to merit the title â€Å"literature†, such as some of the works by Simon Blackburn; but much of it does not, and some areas, such as logic, have become extremely technical to a degree similar to that of mathematics. History A great deal of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction. So can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism.However these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate information. As a result the writing in these fields often lacks a literary quality, although it often and in its better moments has that quality. Major â€Å"literary† historians include Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius, all of whom count as canonical literary figures. Law Law offers a less clear case. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, or even the early parts of the Bible, m ight count as legal literature.The law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon might count. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather garrulous. Drama A play or drama offers another classical literary form that has continued to evolve over the years.It generally comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic / theatrical performance (see theatre) rather than at reading. During the 18th and 19th centuries, opera developed as a combination of poetry, drama, and music. Nearly all drama took verse form until comparatively recently. Shakespeare could be considered drama. Romeo and Juliet, for example, is a classic romantic drama generally accepted as literature. Greek drama exemplifies the earliest form of drama of which we have substantial knowledge.Tragedy, as a dramatic genre, developed as a performance associated with religious and civic festivals, typically enacting or developing upon well-known historical or mythological themes. Tragedies generally presented very serious themes. With the advent of newer technologies, scripts written for non-stage media have been added to this form. War of the Worlds (radio) in 1938 saw the advent of literature written for radio broadcast, and many works of Drama have been adapted for film or television. Conversely, television, film, and radio literature have been adapted to printed or electronic media.Oral literature The term oral literature refers not to written, but to oral traditions, which includes different types of epic, poetry and drama, folktales, ballads. However the use of this oxymoron is controversial and not generally accepted by the scientific community. Some prefer to avoid the etymolog ical question using â€Å"oral narrative tradition†, â€Å"oral sacred tradition†, â€Å"oral poetry† or directly using epics or poetry (terms that no necessarily imply writing), others prefer to create neologisms as orature.

Evaluation of an iq test essays

Evaluation of an iq test essays Evaluation of an IQ test : Analysing the Reliability and Validity of the Psygat This study involved the examination of a newly developed intelligence test, the Psygat, in order to assess its reliability and construct validity. A group of 268 psychology students, with an average age of 22.37 were asked to complete the Psygat tests after completing two other intelligence tests, a Culture Fair test and a Verbal IQ test. The results of the Psygat were then analysed for internal reliability through a split half analysis based on age. The construct validity of the Psygat was examined through the analysis of the test scores against the other two intelligence tests. The hypothesis that the test would show significant internal reliability as well construct validity when measured against the other two tests was supported, although inconsistencies with the Culture Fair IQ test were detected for the younger age group. It was concluded that the evidence suggests that the Psygat is a test that could be validly used as an assessment of verbal intelligence, but further investi gation is required regarding the tests use for the assessment of culture fair parameters. While countless intelligence tests have been developed over the last century, the need for strict policing over the construction and administration of tests in order to prevent misuse has been well established. As far back as 1944 Lawson (1944,1992) identified significant problems with the construction and use of intelligence tests and proposed strict guidelines. Since then, the number of tests in common use has increased dramatically, with their importance in the functioning of the community being advanced considerably. However, despite the best efforts of the international psychology community, concern has been growing in recent years over the misuse of psychological testing, including intelligence tests (Turner et al, 2001, Daniel 1997), with at least some of this concern being dire...

Global Capitalization essays

Global Capitalization essays Subsequent to the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, a strong theory of a modern state emerged. The concept relied deeply upon the establishment of three principals explained by James Lee Ray. Obtaining a modern state depended on, first and foremost, territory. The image of a territory with fixed borders having an apparent national identity with in them (Class notes 10/23). A vast campus that in comparison to another holds unique characteristics and shows diversity. Principal two is the demanding need for nationalistic loyalty. In other words it was found a necessity to obtain and practice faithfulness for your encompassed land. Modern States relied upon the people as nationalistic motivators to uphold it as a nation. Devotedness of the people is characteristic of a modern state (Class notes 10/23). Nationalism is an inspiration to fight and die, to take the risk for your territory. The third, and perhaps the most definable element of a modern state, is respect fo r sovereignty. For an idealistic state, admiration for the supreme law of the land is a necessity. The source of sovereignty lies in the people and their confidence, dependence, recognition, loyalty, and respect for their chosen government. Sovereignty gives a select people in a distinguished place the ability to have the final say based on the needs and wants of the people with in. This all creating a headquarters of decision making for the territory, with all its alleged loyalty. Due to the rise and expansion of importance of the consumer economy, all of the terms defining a modern state and the ability to have one are threatened. The world has united together economically. Challenging our defined borders, our motivational nationalistic loyalty, and our admiration for sovereignty, the image of a powerful "modern state" has been over looked and seemingly forgotten. All in the name of the global consumer economy and the desirable need to be on the...

Examples of Business Plans Components

Examples of Business Plans Components When it comes to starting your own company (or managing someone elses), every business needs to develop and write a good business plan they can follow to achieve the companys goals, which can then be used to pitch to investors or seek out commercial loans. Put simply, a business plan is an outline of goals and the steps needed to achieve them, and while not all businesses require a formal business plan, composing a business plan, in general, is an essential step to starting your own business as it lays out what you plan to do to get your business off the ground. All business plans- even informal outlines- require several key components including an executive summary (including objectives and keys to success), a company summary (including ownership and history), a products and services section, a market analysis section, and a strategy and implementation section. Why Business Plans Are Important Taking a look at a  sample business plan, its easy to see how these documents can get quite lengthy, but not all business plans need to be as detailed as this- especially if youre not looking for investors or loans. A business plan is simply a way for your business to evaluate whether or not actions would benefit a companys ability to achieve its goals, so theres no need to write extra details if theyre not needed to organize your business. Still, you should be as detailed as necessary when composing your business plan as each element can greatly benefit future decisions by outlining clear guidelines for what the company plans to achieve and how it plans to achieve it. The length and content of these plans, then, comes from the type of business youre creating a plan for. Small businesses just looking to stay organized benefit from the objective-strategy structure of the standard business plan while bigger businesses or those hoping to expand can fully summarize every element of their businesses so investors and loan agents get a better understanding of the mission of that business- and whether or not they want to invest. Introduction to Business Plan Whether youre writing a  web design business plan  or a  tutoring business plan, there are several key components that must be included in the introduction to the document in order for the plan to be considered viable, including a summary of the business and its goals and the key components that indicate success. Every business plan, big or small, should start out with an executive summary that details what the company hopes to accomplish, how it hopes to accomplish it, and why this business is the right one for the job. Essentially, the executive summary is an overview of what will be included in the rest of the document and should inspire investors, loan officers, or potential business partners and clients to want to be a part of the plan. The objectives, mission statement, and keys to success are also principal components of this first section as they will outline achievable, concrete goals that the company plans to achieve through its business model. Whether youre stating well increase sales by more than $10 million by the third year or saying well improve inventory turnover to six turns next year, these goals and missions should be quantifiable and attainable. The Company Summary Section After fleshing out the objectives of your business plan, its time to describe the company itself, starting with a company summary that highlights major accomplishments as well as problem areas that need to be solved. This section also includes a summary of the ownership of the company, which should include any investors or stakeholders as well as owners and people who play a part in management decisions. You will also want to give a full company history, which includes the inherent barrier to your goals thus far as well as a review of prior years sales and expenses performances. Youll also want to list any outstanding debts and current assets alongside any trends noted in your particular industry that affect your financial and sales goals. Finally, you should include the companys locations and facilities, which detail the office or workspace being used for the business, what property assets the business has, and which departments are currently part of the company as they relate to achieving the companys goals. The Products and Services Section Every successful business must have a plan to make money through the products or services that business provides; so naturally, a good business plan must include a section about the core revenue model of the company. This section should start with a clear introductory overview to what the company offers consumers as well as the voice and style in which the company wishes to present itself to those customers- for example, a software company might say we dont just sell good accounting software, we change the way you balance your checkbook. The products and services section also details competitive comparisons- how this company measures up to others that offer the same good or service- as well as technology research, sourcing for materials, and future products and services the company plans to offer to help drive competition and sales. The Market Analysis Section In order to properly project what goods and services a company might want to offer in the future, a comprehensive market analysis section should also be included in your business plan. This section details exactly how well the current market in your companys business field is doing, including major and minor concerns that could affect your ability to achieve your sales and income goals. The section starts with an overview of the market your company targets (demographics) as well as industry analysis of what types of businesses typically exist within that marketplace and known participants who are your main source of competition within that industry. You should also include distribution, competition, and buying patterns alongside the companys main competitors and an overview of statistical figures from an in-depth market analysis. This way, investors, partners, or loan officers can see that you understand what stands between you and your companys goals: competition and the market itself. The Strategy and Implementation Section Finally, every good business plan needs to include a section detailing  the companys marketing, pricing, promotions, and sales strategies- as well as how the company plans to implement them and what sales forecasts have been discovered as a result of these plans. The introduction to this section should contain a high-level view of the strategy and their implementation including bulleted or numbered lists of objectives and the viable steps that can be taken in order to achieve them.  Calling out objectives like emphasize service and support or focus on target markets and describing how the company will go about doing this shows investors and business partners that you understand the market and what needs to be done to take your company to the next level. Once youve outlined each element of your companys strategy, youll then want to end the business plan with sales forecasts, which detail your expectations after implementing each element of the business plan itself. Essentially, this final section tells investors exactly what will be accomplished by carrying out this business plan into the future- or at least give them an idea that youve thought about what could happen if you implemented the plan.

Project 3 Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Project 3 Research Paper - Essay Example The different proportions of the ages engaged in the sites coupled with the geographical representation of the popular sites are also looked into. There is also a discussion of how the relation of the youths as a demographic group is affected by the social sites and in this case, the social aspects as well as the ethical and moral turpitude as influenced by the sites are considered. Further to this, the advantages and the disadvantages of the sites to the youths is discussed to give a better understanding on how these sites builds or breaks the social fiber in the society that goes in tandem with the ethical part of the society. The paper also give an explanation of the occurrence of how the society has made a perfect person that is played out in the sites with a conclusion that gives remedy and precautionary measures that should be considered to avert possible negative impacts imminent in the social sites. Introduction With the development of the digital media, the contemporary soci ety enjoys much more features from the digital media than before, today, through the social networking sites, information can be retrieved in seconds; there are millions of information that is relayed second by seconds and all this information reaches those who are in the social networking sites. ... To some extent, digital media that is the social networking sites provides educative and explorative avenues through which users can grow intellectually. We have YouTube that has a plethora of videos captured and that can be down loaded for intellectual enrichment, these videos includes lectures and instructions that can be used by students and specialist to improve their intellectual acumen (Lenhart, 2007). This is not the only provision of the digital media, they can also be a platform for moral decay, and most of the sites are equally not morally upgrading and have been the contributing factor on the moral degradation in the society. It is thus important to sieve and know the digital sites that are good for consumption and those that are not lest you be a slave of those sites that adds no value to life. Research As indicated in the introductory part above, this paper seeks to research on the effect of digital media through social sites on youths. Today, many digital social sites a re available for consumption by unlimited people around the world, the social sites provides a conduit through which information can flow, people can interact, and learn through one another. It also provides a platform through which new friendship could be made virtually by associating online with those people who are in the far-flung areas (Kiesbye, 2011). Ideally, it makes the world to be a small village through which we can easily get to learn several things that are going on around the world in a snapshot. Given this background, corroborated with the fact that about 900 million people visits the social networking sites every month recording about 7 billion

Mandatory Sentencing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Mandatory Sentencing - Research Paper Example The paper tells that crime does not pay. We can seldom argue with this premise, and the need to inculcate this idea among the local populace of our cities and towns. However there is also a fear that in our zest to single out and punish those who are guilty of crimes against society and humanity, we are creating situations where too many people are behind bars. Indeed the rate of incarcerations in the USA is one of the highest in the world, which is shameful for a country that considers itself the world’s foremost superpower and protector of human rights. Mandatory sentencing has been cited as one of the reasons behind the overpopulation in our prisons, creating situations where crime is further exacerbated by the formation of gangs, hardcore and small time criminals being grouped together, and the fact that some criminals are in need of medical attention rather than a life of incarceration that does not remedy their particular situation or suit their particular needs. Mandato ry sentencing is a form of judicial punishment in which the terms and duration of the punishment have already been set in Law depending on the crimes committed and the charges filed and proven against the accused law breaker. This being the case, there is usually no or little room for a judge to intervene and set his own ruling depending on the individual circumstances of the case. Originally the need for mandatory sentencing was seen in cases of drug dealing and related offences. But later the effect of mandatory sentencing minimums was extended to gun related crimes as well, as they initially proved an effective deterrent to crime. However as we shall see much of the initial laws have been repealed and the sentencing reduced on humanitarian grounds. Even today, the debate rages on as to whether mandatory minimums still have a place and effect in law or not. There is much to support both points of view, as we shall see. The History and Uses of Mandatory Sentencing In the USA it was the 1951 Boggs Act that started the Federal mandatory minimum penalties for drug trafficking. The length of some of these sentences was then increased in 1956. However the comprehensive reforms of the 1970 Drug Abuse and Control Act repealed the earlier Boggs Acts. This was followed by the enactment of the Rockefeller Drug Laws in 1973 which helped establish minimum 15 year and life sentences for various kinds of drug offences. Obviously the intent would have been to get the offenders off the streets for a considerable amount of time and in doing so make it safer for the targeted population. Laws such as Michigan’s 650 Lifer Law took a much harder stance on drug offences and established a minimum of life imprisonment without possibility of parole for possession and dealing with 650 grams of drugs such as cocaine and heroin- it also increased the penalties for smaller offences. In 1984, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act resulted in the creation of a U.S Sentencing Commissio n. It also phased out parole and set mandatory sentences for gun related crimes. Two years later, in 1986 the Anti-Drug Abuse Act creates new federal minimum mandatory sentences for drug related offences. One year later, in 1987 the US Sentencing Commission enacted some guidelines to help the Courts in convicting and sentencing all federal drug related offences. In 1988, the Omnibus Drug Abuse Act not only added a mandatory minimum penalty for the possession of crack but also included conspiracy convictions in the mandatory penalty scheme. This has had little positive effects on the system since ruthless drug dealers do not care who they choose to carry out their dirty schemes to transport drugs across borders and it could often be an unwary traveler that has been trapped for no fault of his own except

Cash and accrual accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cash and accrual accounting - Essay Example Meanwhile, accrual basis is accounting techniques that transactions are recognized when item is delivered, and revenues are recorded when they are earned. Although, the two methods are both accounting method and used to record transactions, they are different in various ways and the paper will evaluate the difference of the two accounting methods used to recognize transactions. Cash vs. accrual accounting Accrual-basis financial statements give more practical information than cash-basis statements because the accrual-basis is a method that is recognized by the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). However, the cash basis statement is not useful as accrual basis because it is not recognized by the GAAP. Meanwhile, the accrual basis ensures firms have recorded transaction in the period that the event has occurred. For instance, to establish the net income it will require the company to recognize revenue when it was earned but not when it received the cash. Meanwhile, the com pany under the accrual basis will recognize the expenses at the period when they are incurred and not the period when they are paid. Conversely, the companies that use cash basis accounting can record revenues when they get cash, and record an expense when they pay out cash. Although, cash basis seems appealing because of its simplicity, it frequently generates false financial statements (Diamond, 2006). Meanwhile, cash basis fails to record revenue that the company has earned and instead opt to record revenue that it has received the cash. Meanwhile, the accrual basis matches expenses with earned revenues, but cash basis does not match the expenses with earned revenues. Cash basis is recommendable for the small firms because they do not prepare detailed receivables and payables, but accrual basis accounting is mostly utilized by large businesses. Conversely, companies that use the accrual method to make adjustment entries for accruals will record revenue earned in the recent accoun ting period (Diamond, 2006). Adjusting entries under an accrual method maintains two purposes that include showing the receivables. This exists in the balance sheet and involves recording the revenues earned during the period. Meanwhile, before the adjustment is done under the accrual method, assets and revenues are understated. Under the cash method, before the adjustment entries are performed for the prepaid expenses, assets are overstated, and expenses are understated. Moreover, many small businesses use the cash method for recognizing transaction because it offers flexibility in managing taxable income used in the running of the business. In contrast to cash basis methods, accrual methods will record transactions that are made, and most of the companies use the method (Biafore, 2010). The accrual method offers better matching between revenues and their related cost that assist firms understand the true causes and effects of various business activities. Consequently, revenues are recognized during the same period in which sales transactions occurred, and expenses are recognized in the same period as their linked revenues. However, the two accounting methods are used to recognize the transactions

Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomics - Assignment Example The amount of trade deficit is 2008 is (422,905 - 460,665) = -37760. The amount of trade deficit is 2009 is (422,905 - 460,665) = -32023. iv. The value of real GDP in 2009 is (Nominal GDP of 2009/GDP deflator of 2009) = ? (1,373,636/ 101.4) million = ?13546.71 million. v. The current macroeconomic situation of the UK can be defined as economic recession. So, there has been no surprise that the economy has experienced a negative rate of growth form 2008 to 2009. The fall in consumption spending, investment, and net exports (exports minus imports) can be explained by the prevalence of ongoing economic recession which cause fall in demand. The rise in government expenditure can also be explained by the current macroeconomic situation. In order to deal with the recessionary situation, the government has undertaken certain measures to boost aggregate demand of the country. One of these corrective policies is increased government spending that has been reflected by increased government exp enditure form 2008 to 2009. 2. There is some problem with this question†¦ What are the coefficient of r in the expression for investment and the expression for real money demand? The coefficients are important as they denote the rate of response to change in interest rate. if there is no coefficient it should be assumed that coefficients are equal to 1. But this case is either impossible or very rare!!!! 3. The main forms of unemployment are as follows: Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment is a particular form of unemployment. This kind of unemployment takes place when a labor market becomes unable to offer jobs to everybody who wants to work due to the fact that the level and type of skills of unemployed individuals do not match with the skills required for the jobs available in the market. Structural unemployment usually lasts very long. Very often technological unemployment which results from substitution of workers by machines might be recognized as structural u nemployment. In order to deal with structural unemployment, there should be an increase in aggregate demand of the economy. If there is a fall in aggregate demand, then many individuals become unemployed and enter into the vicious circle of poverty, while their skills become obsolete. Since the present economic scenario of the UK can be characterized as economic recession, structural unemployment should be there in the economy as production has reduced drastically and the UK economy has failed to provide job to all who wish to work. Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment takes place during the time period when a worker shifts one job to another. In other words, frictional unemployment takes place during transitioning from one job to the other. Very often, frictional unemployment is referred to as search unemployment. Very often this unemployment is voluntary in nature. Frictional unemployment can always be found in an economy. Thus in UK economy, it would be quite easy to find out frictional unemployment. Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is very often referred to as Keynesian unemployment. It is also known as deficient-demand unemployment. Cyclical unemployment takes place when there is scarcity of aggregate demand for providing jobs to everybody who are willing to work. When demands for goods and services reduces, the level

The Strategies and Appropriate Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Strategies and Appropriate Solution - Essay Example He also decided to include a major restructuring in the firm’s administration and its operational activities. Under these conditions, the appointment of David Michels, in 1991, as a chief executive should be considered as justified. The experience of David Michels in the particular industry (ex-Executive Vice President of Hilton International, Deputy Chief Executive of Hilton U.K.) made him the most appropriate candidate for the particular position. One of the priorities of David Michel has been to examine and evaluate the performance of the company for the last three years (1990-1992). The results of this research were disappointed showing a loss (after tax) of 47.4m pounds for the year 1992 and a relevant loss per share of 47.3m pounds for the same year. For this reason, David Mitchel stated that â€Å"It was worse than I thought. I didn’t know the company had quite as many difficulties as it had. I don’t think the company knew all its difficulties†. The above statement of David Mitchel could lead to the following thoughts: a) David Michel was not appropriately informed in advance of the firm’s financial difficulties. In this case, Sir Robertson could be considered as having the responsibility for the inadequacy and inaccuracy of the information provided; b) David Mitchel would not be able to respond to the firm’s needs. More specifically, his statements could be considered as showing his inability to resolve the problems that the firm had the specific period of time. Again the choice of Sir Robertson could be strongly doubted. On the other hand, the possible responsibility of David Mitchel could exist to the extension that he did not provide accurate information regarding his skills and his competencies in the particular field. As for the strategies followed by Reo Stakis and his son, these should be evaluated throughout the firm’s operation since its establishment in 1947 in Glasgow. The strategic leadership followed by Sir Lewis and David Michels led gradually to the recovery of the firm. It should be noticed that in January 1993 shares in Stakes reached the price of 45 pence (a 4 pence increase comparing the price of the share in 1992). Although Sir Lewis was replaced in late 1992, his style of leadership proved to be extremely positive for the firm’s performance in the long term (in 1994 the pre-tax profits were increased to 10.4 million). It is due to his decisions that the firm managed to recover and becoming in January 1994 â€Å"a normal company, boring even† according to a statement of David Michels.   

Homo Religiosus by Karen Armstrong, p. 22-38 The Minds Eye by Oliver Essay

Homo Religiosus by Karen Armstrong, p. 22-38 The Minds Eye by Oliver Sacks, p. 303-317 - Essay Example According to Sacks, in a society where people lack mind’s eyes, they are likely to associate themselves with some events such as idol worshiping or despotism even if they have the physical eyes. These side effects prevent human beings from achieving a factual understanding of who they are. The idea that Sack presents in his article â€Å"The Mind’s Eye† is that trauma, in this case, blindness results to loss of â€Å"sensuous, intimate being at one with world† or loss of self (Sacks 313). Karen Armstrong of â€Å"Homo Religious† connects with Sack’s ideas that blindness trauma leads to loss of one’s self or sense (Armstrong 23). It is essential that, human beings acknowledge the dangers posed by blindness and if they persist, being victims of this, there will be no way for them to go back to a life, which has self-knowledge. Like Armstrong, Sack inveighs blindness trauma against â€Å"idol worship†. â€Å"Despotism† of sight and claims the â€Å"task† blindness trauma as reminding human beings of their other deeper perception modes as well as their mutuality (Armstrong 24). The two authors argue that a blind individual has a good sense of taste, feeling, touch, and he or she can write and speak as a â€Å"gift of the blind individuals†. Therefore being blind does not mean that one is unable to carry out duties done by other people since they have mind’s eyes (Armstrong 25). For instance, Lusseyran is able to feel, blend into one fundamental sense, has deep attentiveness, has slow and prehensile attention, and a sensuous and intimate being in the world where sight, with is flicking, quick, quality, and facile continually distracts people from. According to Sack, this concept is extremely close to an individual whose has â€Å"deep blindness† as considerably more than simple compensation other than a unique type of perception, a special and precious mode of being (Sacks 314). One essential question that people should put in mind is

The Strategies and Appropriate Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Strategies and Appropriate Solution - Essay Example He also decided to include a major restructuring in the firm’s administration and its operational activities. Under these conditions, the appointment of David Michels, in 1991, as a chief executive should be considered as justified. The experience of David Michels in the particular industry (ex-Executive Vice President of Hilton International, Deputy Chief Executive of Hilton U.K.) made him the most appropriate candidate for the particular position. One of the priorities of David Michel has been to examine and evaluate the performance of the company for the last three years (1990-1992). The results of this research were disappointed showing a loss (after tax) of 47.4m pounds for the year 1992 and a relevant loss per share of 47.3m pounds for the same year. For this reason, David Mitchel stated that â€Å"It was worse than I thought. I didn’t know the company had quite as many difficulties as it had. I don’t think the company knew all its difficulties†. The above statement of David Mitchel could lead to the following thoughts: a) David Michel was not appropriately informed in advance of the firm’s financial difficulties. In this case, Sir Robertson could be considered as having the responsibility for the inadequacy and inaccuracy of the information provided; b) David Mitchel would not be able to respond to the firm’s needs. More specifically, his statements could be considered as showing his inability to resolve the problems that the firm had the specific period of time. Again the choice of Sir Robertson could be strongly doubted. On the other hand, the possible responsibility of David Mitchel could exist to the extension that he did not provide accurate information regarding his skills and his competencies in the particular field. As for the strategies followed by Reo Stakis and his son, these should be evaluated throughout the firm’s operation since its establishment in 1947 in Glasgow. The strategic leadership followed by Sir Lewis and David Michels led gradually to the recovery of the firm. It should be noticed that in January 1993 shares in Stakes reached the price of 45 pence (a 4 pence increase comparing the price of the share in 1992). Although Sir Lewis was replaced in late 1992, his style of leadership proved to be extremely positive for the firm’s performance in the long term (in 1994 the pre-tax profits were increased to 10.4 million). It is due to his decisions that the firm managed to recover and becoming in January 1994 â€Å"a normal company, boring even† according to a statement of David Michels.   

Strategy,Process,Product, and Services Paper Essay

Strategy,Process,Product, and Services Paper - Essay Example Creativity is the main factors which influence marketing and organizational policies, growth and development strategies and competitive position in all continents. . Innovation and creativity are the main driven forces of auto industry. General Motors is a leading global company which relies on innovation and new technologies solutions. Innovation and creativity determine organizational strategy of GM and its market position. For Gm, there are many ways to approach the subject of the growth and internationalization of creative and innovative management. For GM, innovations allow to grow and mature. Global markets and geopolitics are rapidly changing. They are outpacing established management thinking and traditional politics. The growth and internationalization of creative and innovative management shift the focus from rapid changes due to technology and ideology drivers per se to new ways of thinking creatively and innovatively-spontaneous and cultivated. The mission of the company reflects its market position and future growth strategies: "GM. is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers will receive superio r value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment" (GM Home Page 2008). Most of GM technologies are revolutionary for several reasons. First, they reflect fundamental advances in the basic sciences. Our understanding of how the world works has been permanently changed through advances in the basic sciences, which in turn have resulted in a new wave of technologies. These technologies are widely diffused. Because they are so diverse, because they have so many applications, and because they have an impact on so many markets, no one region or country can dominate them completely. Consequently, they are changing the nature of the

War Poetry Coursework Essay Example for Free

War Poetry Coursework Essay Peoples attitudes towards war changed as the war progressed and this is shown in the war poetry which reported about war to the civilians back in Britain. At first these war poems praised war, but when the soldiers realised the truth about war, their poetry changed to show the horrors of war. Eventually poets began writing to ask for the war to stop. The early World War One poetry was written in praise of war. This is because the poets had not yet experienced the horrors of war. They believed the propaganda which led them to believe that war was glorious. Two examples of such poetry are The Soldier and The Dead both by Rupert Brooke. Both of the poems are sonnets. Sonnets are traditionally love poems so through using this form Brooke shows his love for his country. The poems say that it is glorious to die at war: Dying has made us rarer gifts than gold, The Dead This means that the people who die at war are more precious than gold because of their sacrafice. Brooke believes that they have become better people through dying for a cause. The Soldier glorifies death at war by saying If I should dieTheres some corner of a foreign field that is forever England. Brooke cares more about the glory of England than for his own life. Brooke regards death at war as a glorious thing although the word If shows that he does not expect to die. Each poem uses personification. The Dead personifies the Dead by giving the word Dead a capital letter showing respect. The soldier personifies England by calling it her. This also shows patriotism because Brooke thinks of England as a person. The Soldier repeats the word England and English throughout the poem showing Brookes patriotism. The sestet of The Soldier portrays an English Heaven showing patriotism. Rupert Brooke writes as if England was his mother: A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware. This shows why he is so patriotic; England has helped him so much he is repaying the country by risking his life for it, he does not care if he dies for England because he believes that without England he would not have lived in the first place. The Dead displays patriotism because it mentions heritage showing he is proud of Englands military past. Rupert Brooke is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve as he thinks he will not die at war. However, he believes that if he does die at war it will be a glorious and beautiful event. In The Dead he starts off the poem with the words Blow out, you bugles! Over the rich dead. Brooke is celebrating the fact that they have died. This conveys how much he believed death at war was good because he celebrated it. The word Rich suggests that the dead have gained from dying. Poetry written on the front line expressed the differences between the fake image of war which the propaganda created and the truth. The poems described the poor conditions and the number of casualties on the front line. Two examples of such poetry are A Working Party by Siegfried Sassoun and Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen. These poems use irony to show how different reality was to the image of war created by propaganda. Sassoun says that there are nimble rats in the trenches. This shows that the rats have more energy than the exhausted soldiers. It also indicates that the conditions must be poor in the trenches for rats to be thriving. Dulce Et Decorum Est has an ironic tile. It is taken from a Latin saying meaning it is sweet and fitting to die for your country. It is an ironic title because the poem shows that it is far from sweet and fitting to die at war. In these poems the irony contrasts emphasises the contrast between the propaganda and reality. Both the poems show the disabling effects of war and how the conditions are dehumanizing for the soldiers. Sassoun uses strong words such as blundered and wretchedly to show how the men have been disabled by war. The word grunt conveys how the conditions have caused them to become animalistic. Owen describes how war has had a disabling effect on the men in the opening lines of the poem. Owen decribes the men as Bent double, like old beggars under sacks. / Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed our way through sludge. This shows how the soldiers have been transormed into sick, angry old men by the war. They are described as drunk with fatigue because they are so tired and overworked that they cannot work or behave normally, but act as if they were drunk from alcohol. Owen and Sassoun make use of direct realism and show panic in emergencies. In Dulce Et Decorum Est the soldier shouts Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! The monosylabic words and exclamation marks show the panic when the gas shell explodes. The speech comes suddenly after a slower description of the trenches and soldiers. This takes the reader by surprise and makes us feel the soldiers surprise when the gas bomb came. In A Woring Party the soldiers say Keep to your right make way!. This shows that the trenches were crowded. The short sentences and monosybalic words show urgency. The exclamation mark emphasises the urgency and frustration of the men as they hurry to get through a trench. The poems have bitter and angry tones. This shows the poets anger at having to go to war. The anger and bitterness is shown in the negative words used throughout the poems. Sassoun uses negative words to descirbe the conditions and feelings of the soldiers such as sodden, wretchedly and chilly. He shows the soldiers individual anger at the war when he says that a soldier stooped and swore / Because a sagging wire had caught his neck. This angry the soldiers are that they will swear at something so little as a sagging wire just to release some of the anger. Wilfred Owen is also angry and bitter at the war. He uses negative words to show this such as haunting, blood-shod, and Bitter as the cud. Owen also shows the mens anger at war by saying they cursed through sludge. Both the poems use repetition to emphasise certain points. A Working Party uses repetition to emphasise how quickly a soldier can die. The poem starts off with the words Three hours ago he blundered up the trench. Half way through the poem the Sassoun repeats this using the word stumbled instead of blundered. The repetition halfway through reminds us how short ago it was when the soldier was alive. Dulce Et Decorum Est also uses repetition. The word drowning is repeated to emphasise the death of the soldier. Both the poems show how qucikly the soldiers die. Sassoun saysthat the man was alive Three hours ago. Owen describes the mans death as it happens in a few seconds when gas kills him suddenly. Owen and Sassoun show that in reaity there is no honour in death at war. In Dulce Et Decorum Est Owen describes how the dead corpse is flung into the wagon. Owen describes the mans white eyes writhing in his face,/ His hanging face like a devils sick of sin. The dead is not treated like a hero but like he is merely another casualty of many in the war. He is not treated with respect but he is treated like a peice of rubbish in a dump. In A Working Party the mans death is not glorious. We know he did not want to die because he thougth of getting bakc by half-past twelve He was stacking sand bags when a shell exploded nearby causing his head to split open. This is not the gloriouus death that we would expect from earlier poems. He is not killed while shooting down enemy troops or in some other glorious heroic way but he is killed stacking sand bags. The Poems have pathos. They both focus on just one death making it stand out from the millions of other casualties. The pathos is extremely effective in A Working Party because Sassoun describes the mans life in Britain: He was a young man with a meagre wife And two small children. This makes us pity him more becasue he had family that he has left behind. Sassoun also describes the mans character. He was a decent chap who did his work and hadnt much to say. This makes the man seem more of an innocent victim than he would if he hadnt been described at all. The mans actions leading up to his death are also described. Irony is used to make us symathise with him because He thought of getting back by half-past twelve. Wilfred Owen also describes just one death but also focuses on the effect is has on Owen. There is a gas attack on a group of men. All the others manage to get away but someone still was yelling out and stumbling. this makes us pity the one man more because he dies alone. Owen tell us the effect the death had on him: In all my dreams before my helpless sight / He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. This makes us pity not only the man who died but also Owen. It also shows that death was such a terrible thing that it had more than one victim, it traumatised the living who would carry the memory for the rest of their lives. As the war progressed the poetry became increasingly bitter. Poets became determined to show the truth of what went on at the front line. They wanted to stop people believing the false image the propaganda had given them so that they would think twice about enlisting. Two of these poems were Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Does it matter? by Seigfried Sassoun. At the time the poems were written many people believed that if they were disabled at war they would be treated as heroes but these poems show that in reality there was no glory in being disabled at war. Seigfried Sassoun shows that there is no glory through his sarcastic tone. The poem asks does it matter? losing your legs? / For people will always be kind. This will make the reader realise that even if people are always kind, it is little compensation for having no legs. The third stanza is about the psychological scars of war. The poem suggests sarcastically that it would not matter to go mad as a result of the war because people wont say that youre mad; For theyll know you fought for your country / And no one will worry a bit. This will make the reader see that the idea of people treating you with respect if you are disabled by war is an unrealistic one. The words And no one will worry a bit are effective because the sarcasm suggests they wont worry because they know why you are disabled and will respect you, whereas in reality people wont worry about you because people wont care. In Disabled the soldiers welcome home is far from heroic. Owen writes: some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer goal. Only a solemn man who brought him fruits. The man is not welcomed back as a hero but is greeted by just one solemn man. He will not be treated as a hero. Instead he will spend a few sick years in institutes. He is lonely and abandoned now shown by the last lines of the poem which ask Why dont they come? Owen and Sassoun show that disabled soldiers rely on pity. They would have expected to have relied on respect after they return but people no longer respect them, they pity them. They rely on peoples kindness as they cannot look after themselves anymore. Sassoun writes that people will always be kind. This is a sarcastic statement because they wont always be kind and if they are it is for the wrong reasons. Disabled shows that the man is abandoned by society. The man is lonely as he sat in a wheelchair waiting for dark. If he was a hero he would be attractive to girls, but instead they touch him like some queer disease. He is neglected as he wants to go to bed but no one comes leaving him on his own, asking Why dont they come? Each poem compares the disabled men to able bodied men showing the contrast between what they are and what they were. Does It Matter? says about the activities the other men take part in which the disabled man cannot participate in: The others come in after hunting to gobble their muffin and eggs. This makes the reader pity the disabled man more because he is left out and forgotten while the able bodied men are having fun. Disabled contrasts the man in the wheelchair with the boys in the park. The man is also contrasted with the way he was before he went to war: There was an artist silly for his face, For it was younger than his youth, last year. Now, he is old. This shows how in just one year he has turned from a handsome young boy into an elderly man. Both A Working Party and Does It Matter use rhetorical questions to encourage the reader to think. Sassoun asks Does it matter? Losing your legs?, Does it matter? Losing your sight? and Do they matter? Those dreams from the pit? After each question there is a pause to make the reader think. These questions are sarcastic becasue they make it seem like it doesnt matter when the poem shows that in reality it does matter. By repeating the question Does it matter? the reader is constantly reminded that it matters a lot to be disabled by war. Disabled repeats a question at the end: Why dont they come And put him to bed? Why dont they come? By making the question the last part of the poem the reader is left thinking about it. By repeating the question it emphasises the lonliness and despair of the soldier. Both the poems are angry at the war and at the attitudes of people in Britain. Wilfred Owen is angry that the army recruited a man who was drunk and underage. The poem says smiling they wrote his lie; aged nineteen years. The fact that the men were smiling makes them seem evil as they were sending a boy off to war. Owen is angry at the war. He see the war as pointless because the boy threw away his legs suggesting that he did it for no good reason. Sassoun is angry at the attitudes of British civilians towards the war and towards the disabled. This is shown in his angry sarcastic tone. The poems show the disabled men remembering when they were able bodied. This shows that remembering better days is all they can do now as they will never have those happy experiences of their youth again. In Disabled the man remembers when he was poular with girls, he remembers playing football and he remembers why he signed up for the war in the first place. He remembers when the town used to swing so gay. In Does It Matter? Sassoun says if you lose your sight you can sit on the terrace remembering. This shows that if you lose your sight all you will have to go by is memories of vision. Disabled and Does It Matter? both focus on the disabling effects after a soldier returns to Britain. Does It Matter? shows how you can lose limbs, lose your sight and be psycholigally affected by war. Disabled shows how a single man has been affected by losing his legs and one arm at war. Towards the end of the war the poets began to ask for the war to stop. They prayed to God for an end to the violence. Two examples of such poetrry are Futility by Wilfred Owen and How Long O Lord by Robert Palmer. They both use rhetorical questions to make the reader think about the purpose of the war. Robert Palmer makes the title of his poem a rhetorical question. Palmer asks God twice in the poem how long the war will last. He asks How long, O Lord, how long, before the flood / Of crimson-welling carnage shall abate. He also asks How long / Shall Satan in high places lead the blind / To battle for the passions of the strong? This is the same question but in each one war is decribed differently to show that there are so many bad things about war. The questions show how desperate Palmer is for the war to end. Wilfred Owen also uses rhetorical questions. He asks Are limbs so clear achieved, are sides Full nerved still warm too hard to stir? He is asking that if the sun once brought life to the earth why it cant bring life to the dead soldier. Owen hopes that if he moves the dead body into the sun it owould bring him back to life. This shows how desperate Owen was that he was willing to try to wake the dead this way. Owen asks a second rhetorical question. He asks Who is it for the day grew tall, O what made fortuous sunbeam toil To break earths sleep at all? This question shows how war has caused Owen to give up hope and ask what was the point in God creating the world if he would only let it be destroyed by war. The poems are both asking for miracles. Owen is asking for the sun to awake a dead man. Palmer is asking for God to end the war. Both the poems use personification. Robert Palmer personifies feelings of hate and pride: Hate their most hateful, pride their deadliest foe. This means that the soldiers biggest enemy is not the Germans but it is their own hate and pride. If they did not have hate for the Germans there would be no war. If they did not have pride they would not have signed up for the war. Owen personifies the kind old sun. This shows that the sun is the only thing Owen has to be thankful for during the war, he looks to it like a friend as he desperately wants the man to awake. Thus to conclude during the four years of World War One the poetry changed to reflect the changing attitudes of the soldiers. At first poets glorified war, as the war progressed they wrote about how they had been lied to by propaganda and about the terrible reality of war. The poetry became increasingly bitter throughout the war and eventually the same poets who glorified war began pleading for the war to stop.

The Outsourcing Fundamentals For Dell Computers

The Outsourcing Fundamentals For Dell Computers Dell is one of the leading PC manufacturers in the world. Its business strategy involves outsourcing a number of its operations such as sales order processing, distribution, after sales service. The focus of this report will be to critically evaluate and analyse one such outsourcing project of Dell of its technical support which was considered a failure. There are a number of reasons why Dell chose to outsource its technical support call centre. The main reason for doing so is that Dell saw this part of its operations as non core. It decided to outsource in order to concentrate on its core business processes which were manufacturing and design. The cost savings that an outsourcing deal offered also was a major factor in it doing so. Other factors such as to gain accesses to world class facilities , to share the risk involved, to accelerate redesign engineering process were also critical. After having decided to outsource a deal with Stream Global Services was struck. Stream took its call centre in India to operate the entire tech support of Northern America. After the first term of the contract the deal was called off and Dell decided to back source the tech support from Stream and bring it back in-house. The report analysis the key issues for the failure of this deal. One of the most important issues that resulted in the failure of this outsourcing deal is the drop in quality of service. After initial period the quality of service provided by Stream went down considerably which resulted in unsatisfied customer and complaints. This resulted in fall of sales and loss of market share. Other issues such as loss of control over the operations and loss of tacit knowledge, unable to meet the customer demand due to large increase in customer base, loss of intellectual property, lack of expertise too played a critical factor in its failure. The tip of the iceberg came when n egotiating a contract extension and Stream demanding more, which lead to Dell calling off the whole deal. Critical analysis shows that tech support may be a core competence of Dell, which they had to retain more control over. The possible recommendations are to offshore the call centre to a cost efficient location rather than outsource it. Put in a confidentiality agreement in place in order to protect from loss in intellectual property. Negotiate smaller lengths of contract and to choose quality over price as main criteria while evaluating vendors for outsourcing in the future. Contents 3 Introduction 4 Why Outsource 5 Non core function 5 Gain Access to World-Class Capabilities 6 Cost Saving 6 Accelerate Reengineering Benefits 6 Share Risks 6 Redirect Resources to more Strategic Activities 7 The Stream Story 7 What went wrong 8 Quality of Service 8 Loss of Control 8 Viability of Service Provider 8 Relative Size of Customer 8 The Issue of Trust 9 Lack of Expertise 9 Hidden and Uncertain Costs 9 Tip of the Iceberg 9 Conclusion Recommendation 10 1 . Offshore not out-source : 10 2. Confidentiality Agreements: 11 3. Quality over price: 11 4. Short term contracts : 11 References 12 Appendix 13 Appendix I 14 Sales of Dell from 1999- 2007 14 Appendix II 14 Market Share of PC Manufacturers 14 Introduction Dell is a multinational computer company which has managed to stay in the first place of computer system sales for over a decade. Ranked in the top 50 among the Fortune 500, Dell offers a range of IT products and services, including hardware, software, consulting services, support services, and managed services. Dell employs more than 100,000 employees at services, manufacturing, and design locations around the world. Its strong and revolutionized strategy of direct selling computers to the customers increased its success in the computer companies field providing it with a competitive advantage. Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell a 19-year old teenager and it was named as PCs Limited. Starting with a capital of $1000 and the aim of selling IBM PC-compatible computers he managed to establish Dell as one of the most worldwide successful and profitable companies only after the first years of its function. The first year gross revenues amounted to $6 million. In 1985 Dell introduce d the first computer of its own design- the Turbo PC. In 1988 the company made its initial public offering at $8.50 a share and was renamed to Dell Computer Corporation.    By 1990 it had been expanded in 12 different countries. Six years later(1996), Dell began selling computers via its web site and offered online technical support at the same time and by the 1997 Dell was one of the top five computer makers in the world. As one of the worlds leading direct computer systems companies and a premier supplier of technology for the Internet infrastructure, Dells competitive advantage is its direct customer focus. Constant interaction with its customers online and via the telephone gives Dell the ability to understand unique computing needs that drive individual and enterprise productivity. Even though growth rates for the computer industry are expected to be less than previous years, Dell can still successfully operate, enjoying healthy sustainable profits. With its unique operation strategy and reduced inventory levels gives Dell a competitive edge over its rivals. Dell chooses to outsource a whole bunch of its processes of its operations. Right from most of its production line to sales order processing to distribution to after sales service. Outsourcing allows companies to focus on broader business issues while having operational details assumed by an outside expert. The main focus of this report will be around the outsourcing of its call centre for the technical support. Why Outsource The reasons why Dell chose to outsource its technical support are as follows: Non core function The main reason for its choosing to outsource this aspect of its operations is that Dell saw the technical support operation as not part of its core competence. A core competence provides a competitive advantage through being competitively unique and making a contribution to customer value or cost (Prahalad Hamel, 1990). Long Vickers-Koch (1995) expand the idea of core competences to core capabilities. They distinguish these two by noting that competencies relate to the skills, knowledge, and technological know-how that give a special advantage at specific points of the value chain, which, in combination with the strategic processes that link the chain together, form core capabilities, (p. 12). Dell clearly identified techincal support or the call centre as a non core part of its operations. They saw themselves as clearly being a computer manufacturer who sold customised computers to the users directly and chose to concentrate on this aspect of its business which turned out to be a mistake, we will look at why this was the case in the later part of this report. Gain Access to World-Class Capabilities By the very nature of their specialization, outsourcing providers bring extensive world-class resources to meeting the needs of their customers. Dell wanted to fully utilise this specialization that many of the outsourcing vendors had to offer. Partnering with an organization with world-class capabilities would offer access to new technology, tools and techniques that the Dell may not have possessed more structured methodologies, procedures and documentation; and a competitive advantage through expanded skills. Cost Saving Cost implications are critical factor for any company when it chooses to outsource and Dell being no different. The single most important tactical reason for outsourcing is to reduce or control operating costs. Access to an outside providers lower cost structure is one of the most compelling benefits of outsourcing. The overall operating cost of the tech support would be significantly lower if the project was off shored to a more cost efficient location. Although cost benefits would not be realised in the immediate future but over the long run it promised huge cost savings. Accelerate Reengineering Benefits Outsourcing is often a by-product of another powerful management tool; business process reengineering. It allows an organization to immediately realize the anticipated benefits of reengineering by having an outside organization one that is already reengineered to world-class standards process. Dell wanted to utilise the reengineered business process of the vendor to the fullest. Share Risks There are tremendous risks associated with the investments an organization makes in information technology like a call centre. Dell believed that by outsourcing they would become more flexible, more dynamic and adaptable to meet changing opportunities. This would reduce the risk both financially and strategically in the long term. Redirect Resources to more Strategic Activities Every organization has limits on the resources available to it. Outsourcing permits the redirection of resources from non-core activities toward activities that provide a greater return in serving the customer. Dell clearly saw tech support as its non- core activity and hence thought of outsourcing as a way to redirect its resources and attention to its core business activities like manufacturing and direct sales. The Stream Story After having decided to outsource the tech support and after careful vendor evaluation the eventual order for the outsourcing deal was struck with Stream Global Services. Stream was a business process outsource (BPO) provider specializing in customer relationship management services including sales, customer care and technical support services. Tech support for the entire North America was shifted to Stream located in Mumbai, India. The contract signed was relatively short term which needed evaluation in 4 years. Although, the initial few years of the contract was a success and the company started reaping benefits from sales and profit generation. In 2007 the sales growth started to take a downward turn. Dell started to lose its market share and HP had taken over the market as the premier brand. (Refer Appendix). While there were several factors in the downturn of the companys fortunes, the outsourcing deal with Dell was also said to be a reason. After four years into the deal and wh en the time for evaluation and re contracting came along Dell decided not continue its relationship with Stream and the outsourcing deal went bust. There were several reasons for the failure of this particular deal. What went wrong Quality of Service One of the main reasons for unsuccessful deal was that the quality of service that Stream was offering gradually went down. As with any outsourcing deal the vendor tends to provide high quality service to begin with but over a period of time this quality tends to drop due to several reasons. The average time per call went up, there was more waiting time etc. Dell started to receive a lot of complaints from unsatisfied customers, which was bad for the image of the company. Their competitors started offering better after sales services and Dell started to develop this reputation of having bad customer service. This resulted in sales dropping and Dell loosing market share. Loss of Control The main business strategy of Dell was that it sold computers directly to customers. It is paramount for Dell to know the needs of its customers. After having outsourced its tech support they started to lose control over this aspect. The market and customer demands are constantly changing and its critical for Dell to always be in close conjunction with these changes. Customer feedback is a medium through which they can keep track of the changing needs, but because tech support was outsourced they realised they did not have the control over feedback like they wanted. Viability of Service Provider Dell realised that Stream were not offering the services that was agreed upon. But due to flaws in the contract it was very difficult for them to make any headway into this matter. They realised that Stream did not have the technical proficiency that they had claimed to have had, thus resulting in lower service levels. Relative Size of Customer As the sales of the company grew there were greater customers needing technical assistance. This meant that there was a huge influx of customers for Stream which they did not have the capacity to handle at that time. This resulted in service levels dropping and quality going down. The Issue of Trust Intellectual property became a key issue as well. Stream at the same time were providing services to other computer manufacturers and IT companies which were if not direct but in direct competition with Dell. Hence, confidentiality became an issue with this relationship. Lack of Expertise Dell realised that Stream lacked the technical expertise that they expected. This was but natural as Dell was the experts in designing and manufacturing the computers and they had the technical knowhow of the product. Even with extensive training Stream could not fully gain the technical expertise possessed by Dell. Hidden and Uncertain Costs As in any outsourcing deal the uncertain costs and the hidden cost are always the main reason why any deal is called off. The outsourcer in this case Dell realised that there was a lot hidden costs that was involved in the deal and thus the overall cost benefits they had expected would not be realised. Tip of the Iceberg The final nail in the coffin of the deal came when the time for re-contracting had come along. As in many of the outsourcing cases the bargaining power of the vendor increases as the years go by. Stream had the knowledge that it had the upper hand when it came down to the bargaining power and demanded more money. Dell realised this and decided to bail out of the contract extension. It was a bold decision on the part of Dell because in-sourcing or back sourcing always is a tough task for any company as knowledge transfers becomes a critical issue. Never the less the decision to bring back its technical support in-house was made. After a couple of years Dell again outsourced its tech support but after having the experience of a failed deal they were more careful with this deal. Conclusion Recommendation The first and the foremost function of any company when deciding to outsource should be to evaluate its core competence. As mentioned above core competence gives a competitive edge over the competition. Clearly the technical support for Dell computers is a core function. The main reason for this being that as we saw that the sales started to drop and one of the reasons being the poor quality of customer service. After sales service is an order winner for most computer manufacturers as most of the customer choose to buy a certain brand based on the after sales support that they offer. Based on this analysis the following recommendations can be given. All recommendations given analysis its benefits and its limitations. 1 . Offshore not out-source : Dell should look to offshore the tech support part of its operations rather than outsource. This means that they should retain control of the operation but try and move it offshore for a cheaper alternative. India, Philippines etc are cheaper alternatives that should be considered for future operations. Benefits: They will retain much more control of the operations thus retaining the tacit knowledge and be in close contact with its customers. They will retain their core competence and will not end up losing their competitive edge. Limitations: Initial capital for this is very large. Another limitation is that as in the case with outsourcing the overall cost of operations is not significantly low .This is because with a outsourcing vendor the cost can be reduced by means of economies of scale. Dell will not have this luxury and hence the cost as compared to outsourcing will be relatively high. 2. Confidentiality Agreements: In order to safeguard the intellectual property of the company, some sort of confidentiality agreement needs to be made between Dell and the vendor. Benefits: The core competence of the company will not be shared with its rivals and Dell will not lose its competitive edge. Limitations : It is very difficult to negotiate such kind of contracts with any vendor and such agreement and at times do not hold much value in certain situations and countries. 3. Quality over price: When evaluating a vendor quality and not price should be the foremost criteria. The capacity of the vendor to offer a certain kind of service should be looked upon first. Most outsourcing deals are looked at from a cost point of view and quality gets overlooked. Benefits : Improved quality standards. The vendor will have means to cope with the change in customer quantity and demand. There will be less unsatisfied customers thus enhancing the reputations of the company which is diminishing quickly for its poor customer service. Limitations: Price goes up. Quality always comes at a price and better quality means paying more for such services. These vendors will not be able to meet the price standards of the cheaper vendor which will very often be the case. 4. Short term contracts : Dell should look at signing short term deals with the outsourcing vendors. Ideally the length of the contract should be 2 -3 years after which it should be evaluated. Benefits: Gives Dell more flexibility and opportunity to evaluate the situation of the deal. If Dell feels that the service levels are not up to the mark then it will give them an opportunity to re negotiate. It will put the bargaining power in the hands of Dell. Limitations: The problem with negotiating short term contracts with vendors is that quite often they try and increase their price as they are not guaranteed return on their investment. So they try and increase their profit margins so that they can compensate it for the short length of the contract. References Christensen, Clayton M. (2001), The Past and Future of Competitive Advantage, Sloan Management Review, 42 (Winter), 105-109.   J. Barthelemy, The seven deadly sins of outsourcing,  Academy of Management Executive  17  (2003) (2), pp. 87-97. Magretta J. 1998. The power of virtual integration: an interview with Dell Computers Michael Dell. Har-vard Business Review 76(2): 72-84. Long, C., Vickers-Koch, M. (1995), Using core capabilities to create competitive advantage,  Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 24 No.1, pp.6-20. Prahalad, C. K., G. Hamel. 1990. The core competence of the organization. Harvard Business Review. May-June. Quinn, J. 2000. Outsourcing innovation: The new en-gine of growth. Sloan Management Review, 41(4): 13-29. Quinn, J. Strategic Outsourcing: Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities, Sloan Management Review (40:4), 1999, pp. 9-21.s Willcocks L. Fitzgerald G., Feeny D., (1995). Outsourcing IT: The Strategic Implications, Long Range Planning, 28, 5.

Tales of Ise and The Tosa Diary Essay -- Literary Analysis

As seen in examples of monogatari such as Tales of Ise or nikki with The Tosa Diary, poetry is a very much used tool in the writings. While other examples of the two writing styles use poetry, these two examples best demonstrate the breaks in the writing style changes from a narrative and turns into something that takes on a more personal voice when it clearly goes into its poetic style. These poems are made to compliment the setting, such as in a poem credited to the former governor in The Tosa Diary where there is a description of the waves as they illustrate the governor’s sadness as he leaves Kyoto (83). Another point seen from this poem is that the governor is meant to be very good at constructing his poems and with it comes an example of a good poem as opposed to something that a commoner would have to write. Likewise, in the tenth of the Tales of Ise there are poems describing the love a man has for a woman while he is also comparing the physical setting, such as the mo untains. There are comparisons to Mt. Fuji and Mt. Utsu while they represent the waiting for his love or the beautiful vision that the man sees in his dreams with his love respectively (75-6). Such images of the scenery as seen alongside the desires or longing of those who write the poems are examples of how the poems are used to strengthen the narrative prose. Without the poems, the narrative prose in either the monogatari or the nikki would simply be a story and the significance would be lessened as there would not be the personal impact emanating from the characters and their feelings since a reader would only be able to read the description of the events and not get a feel of the thoughts from any of the characters. In the very deep illustrations of the... ...d to be a woman in the company of the boat. The significance lies in the possibility that with the different types of poetry in the narrative, the governor presents examples of the types of poems that should be written by different people coming from different classes. Looking back at the narratives and the significance of the poems in them is that many of the poems are inspired by nature around the authors. Also, the poems provide more of the voice of the authors instead of just the voice of the narrator and helps present the emotional tones of the characters in the narratives to the reader so that there can be more of a connection to it when it is being read. The poems make for a simple addition to the narrative and allows for a much more meaningful experience for a reader and makes for a much more engrossing story, thus adding to the to experience as a whole.